And this is what we learnt about...
Disconfirmation and Confirmation
Disconfirmation is a communication pattern which we ignore someone's presence as well as that person's messages. While confirmation, the opposite of disconfirmation means your acknowledging the presence of the other person, the person's importance and your acceptance of this person. Four obvious practices, which we'll consider here are racism, heterosexism, ageism and sexism.
Racism
"Any language that, through a conscious or unconscious attempt by the user, place a particular racial or ethnic group in an inferior position is racist"
Racist languages for example, expresses racist attitudes. For example, by calling English American as "white" and African American as Black/ Nigger are very rude.
Sir Anwari actually showed us a video to describe the racism situation. A pretty hilarious video and you should watch it! Here's the link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xyhVO-SWfM
Sexism
Sexism is a practice or support favouritism that criticizes or having a bias towards specific gender.
How to avoid sexist remarks? This is how:
-Avoid disconfirming or confirming to statements or messages because of genders.
-Do not insult or attributes others according to gender bias.
And also avoid sex-role stereotyping!
Heterosexism
Heterosexism is an attitudes, behaviors and language used to disparage gays and lesbians, language that presumes all people are heterosexual.
Suggestion for avoiding heterosexist language:
- Avoid offensive nonverbal mannerisms that parody stereotypes.
-Avoid "complimenting" gay men and lesbians on their heterosexual apperance.
-Avoid assuming and individual gay person can speak for all gay people
Ageism
Ageism is a discrimination based on age.
Respect the elderly! Be patient with them!
Appearance do not change their young passionate heart!
Cultural Identifier
—Preferred
terms used in talking to and about members of different cultures; language that
is free of sexism, heterosexism, racism or ageism.
1. Race and nationality- —Avoid
labeling them with names they don’t like to be called(based on their skin, colors, or traits)
2. Affectional orientation- "gay" or "lesbian" may be offensive
3. Age and sex- Respect anyone despite their age or gender.
Using Verbal Message Effectively
Language symbolizes reality (partially)
Intensional orientation- the tendency to view people, objects, and events according to the way they're talked about
Extensional orientation- the tendency to look first at the actual people, objects, and events and only afterwards at their labels.
Allness- forgetting that language symbolizes only a portion of reality, never the whole.
Language can express both facts and inferences
Languages that enable you to form statements of both facts and inferences without making any linguistic disctinction between the two. For example:
“ I love the color Red” > factual
statement
“I hate the bright color” > inferential statement
Language is relatively static
Static evaluation is the tendency to retain evaluation without change while the reality to which they refer is changing. For example, —A few
years ago, you are different from where you are at now, so if you are known as
a liar a few years ago and you don’t lie now, is it still fair to be called a
liar?
Language can obscure distinction
Indiscrimination-is the failure to distinguish between similar but different people, objects or events.—Example:
linking terrorist attacks to all Muslim in the world
Polarization- the tendency to look at the world in terms of opposites and to describe it in extremes. Example, authorities such as police personnel-
just because some authorities practices
corruption and abuse their power, DOESN’T mean all police personnel are like
this.
That's all for chapter 5 verbal message.
Thank you for reading!
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